Visible cyber fallout is everywhere. Impact to business operations (and therefore revenue) including halted production lines, emptied supermarket shelves, online payment unavailability, and patient backlogs have all brought cyber into the media and the boardroom at an alarming rate in the last year. Last week, the NCSC’s Annual Review 2025[1] showed impact climbing fast
Continue Reading UK: It’s time to act – the UK National Cyber Security Centre’s wake-up call for business leaders
The Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC“) has recently published the Administrative Measures for Network Security Incident Reporting (“Measures“), which provide further guidance on when and how to report network security incidents under existing laws such as the Cybersecurity Law, the Data Security Law and the Personal Information Protection Law. The Measures
Continue Reading CHINA: new stricter and 4-hour data breach reporting requirements for certain incidents
Since the full enforcement of Thailand’s Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562 (2019) (“PDPA”) in June 2022, the Personal Data Protection Committee (“PDPC”) has moved decisively from awareness-building to active enforcement. The transition emerged in 2024 when a leading e-commerce company was fined THB 7 million for breaching the law.
In
Continue Reading Thailand: PDPA Crackdown 2025: Are You Next? – Major Fines and Lessons from Thailand’s Latest Enforcement
On June 26, 2025, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) published two sets of guidelines to help businesses ensure their organizational compliance with the NIS2 Directive.
The aim of the guidelines is to support companies in understanding how legal requirements translate into operational activities, particularly regarding (i) roles and skills for professionals within essential
Continue Reading EU: ENISA Guidelines on Compliance with NIS 2 Directive Published
CrowdStrike’s 2025 Threat Hunting Report offers key insights into the current cyber threat landscape. Drawing on data from July 2024 to June 2025, the report showcases how adversaries are becoming more sophisticated, scalable, and business-like in their operations. These “enterprising adversaries” are not only innovating their tactics but also exploiting emerging technologies such as generative
Continue Reading Key Insights from the CrowdStrike 2025 Threat Hunting Report
The NIS2 Directive has significantly reshaped the cybersecurity landscape across the EU. Since the implementation deadline in October 2024, EU Member States have been working to incorporate new standards into their national laws, fostering a dynamic and rapidly evolving regulatory environment. Recently, Ireland’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) published the draft NIS2 Risk Management Measures
Continue Reading Ireland: NIS2 revamps Ireland’s cybersecurity landscape: Old regulators, new powers
The potential criminalization of activities associated with ransomware cyber attacks, including ransom payments by victims, has long been an unresolved issue. This concern has now led Italy to introduce a ground breaking legislative proposal aimed at enhancing cybersecurity and mitigating threats posed by digital extortionists.
Recognizing ransomware cyberattacks not merely as economic disturbances but as
Continue Reading Italy: Ransomware and Crime – A Proposal to Tackle Cyber Extortion in Italy
Since its announcement during the King’s Speech on 17 July 2024, there has been much anticipation over the contents of the Cyber Security and Resilience Bill (“CS&R Bill“) and in particular the extent to which it will bring the UK into alignment with its European counterpart, the NIS2 directive. Currently, cyber regulation in
Continue Reading UK: Will UK cyber reforms keep step with NIS2?
On April, 8 2025, the Department of Justice’s final rule, implementing the Biden-era Executive Order 14117 restricting the transfer of Americans’ Sensitive Personal Data and United States Government-Related Data to countries of concern (the “Final Rule“), came into force. The Final Rule imposes new requirements on US companies when transferring certain types
Continue Reading US: Department of Justice issues final rule restricting the transfer of Sensitive Personal Data and United States Government-Related Data to “countries of concern”
Recently, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), which is the primary data regulator in China, published a newsletter about the government authorities’ enforcement of Apps and websites that violated personal data protection and cybersecurity laws during the year 2024.
Based on the official statistics, during 2024, the CAC interviewed 11,159 website platforms, imposed warnings or
Continue Reading CHINA: Recent Enforcement Trends
