Over the last decade, the EU has launched an unprecedented constellation of laws: GDPR, the AI Act, the Data Act, NIS2, the Cyber Resilience Act, DORA, DSA, DMA, eIDAS 2.0 and more. Together – under the ‘Digital Decade’ banner – they aim to form a powerful framework to protect fundamental rights, promote trustworthy technology and
Continue Reading EU: Digital Autofocus – Will Europe’s Digital Omnibus bring clarity to Regulation?
On 28 October 2025, China passed amendments to the Cybersecurity Law, marking the first update since its enactment in 2016. These amendments reflect China’s heightened focus on cybersecurity and AI governance and are scheduled to take effect on 1 January 2026.
Key Updates
The amendments primarily focus on the law’s enforcement provisions. Key updates include:
Continue Reading CHINA: Amendments to Cybersecurity Law Effective 1 January 2026
The Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC“) has recently published the Administrative Measures for Network Security Incident Reporting (“Measures“), which provide further guidance on when and how to report network security incidents under existing laws such as the Cybersecurity Law, the Data Security Law and the Personal Information Protection Law. The Measures
Continue Reading CHINA: new stricter and 4-hour data breach reporting requirements for certain incidents
Since the full enforcement of Thailand’s Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562 (2019) (“PDPA”) in June 2022, the Personal Data Protection Committee (“PDPC”) has moved decisively from awareness-building to active enforcement. The transition emerged in 2024 when a leading e-commerce company was fined THB 7 million for breaching the law.
In
Continue Reading Thailand: PDPA Crackdown 2025: Are You Next? – Major Fines and Lessons from Thailand’s Latest Enforcement
In its judgment of May 13, 2025 (case number VI ZR 186/22), the German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof – “BGH”) continued its case law on the compensability of non-material damages under Article 82 GDPR, in particular with regard to whether the mere loss of control over personal data was sufficient for a
Continue Reading Germany: Further Judgment on Non-Material Damages for Loss of Control over Personal Data
In response to the UK’s new Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (DUA Act) coming into force, the UK Information Commissioner (ICO) has launched two public consultations. The consultations, which aim to shape final guidance on amendments introduced by the DUA Act, address the new lawful basis of “recognised legitimate interests”
Continue Reading UK: ICO launches consultations on the new Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
In a decision issued on 18 July 2025 against Google LLC, the Personal Data Protection Office (PDPO) has affirmed that the data protection compliance obligations under Ugandan law apply to all entities that handle the personal data of Ugandan citizens, regardless of where they are based.
The office has also clarified that a
Continue Reading Uganda: Data protection Regulator Clarifies Compliance Requirements for Offshore Entities
The Italian Data Protection Authority’s recent decision provided guidance on the true meaning of personal data anonymization and the crucial distinction between the DPO as a monitor – not an executor. In a world driven by AI and public surveillance, both concepts are more relevant than ever.
On April 10, 2025, the Garante issued a
Continue Reading ITALY: Personal data anonymization and the risk of the DPO being an executor
On 8 July 2025, the DIFC Data Protection Law No. 5 of 2020 (DIFC Data Protection Law) was amended to introduce several substantive changes, including the landmark creation of a private right of action for data subjects, clarifications to the extraterritorial scope, and increased financial penalties for non-compliance.
The changes broadly reflect those
Continue Reading Dubai International Financial Centre: Updates to the DIFC Protection Laws
