Deepfakes (AI-generated synthetic media capable of producing highly realistic images, audio, and video of real individuals) have graduated from a mere novelty to a genuine legal concern. Using neural networks trained on visual and audio data, deepfake systems can replicate a person’s appearance and voice with remarkable fidelity, producing content that is often indistinguishable from
Continue Reading EU and China: Deepfakes and the law: perspectives from the EU and China
A proposed common template for personal data breach notifications recently published by the European Data Protection Board (“EDPB“) for consultation has the potential to assist organisations in streamlining personal data breach reporting across the EU while also raising additional complexity and challenges for businesses.
In line with the EDPB’s Helsinki Statement on enhanced
Continue Reading EU: EDPB common template for breach notifications – welcome alignment or further complexity?
The protection of children online, including the safeguarding of their personal data, has emerged as a key regulatory focus in the UK, with the Government facing sustained pressure to address concerns about children’s safety online.[1] Recent developments have added further momentum – in particular, Australia’s recent prohibition on social media use by under-16s has
Continue Reading UK: Protecting Children Online – A Changing Regulatory Landscape
On 26 May 2026, Spain’s Council of Ministers approved a draft Organic Law on the proper use and governance of artificial intelligence, aligning Spain’s national law with Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the “EU AI Act”). The legislation aims to create a framework for trustworthy, human‑centric AI, combining regulatory oversight while supporting innovation.
Governance
Continue Reading Spain: Government approves the draft Organic Law on the proper use and governance of artificial intelligence
Summary
On 19 March 2026, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) handed down its judgment in Case C-526/24, Brillen Rottler, clarifying that a data subject’s first request for access to personal data under Article 15 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) may be refused as “excessive”.
Continue Reading EU: CJEU Rules That a Single DSAR Can Be Refused as Abusive
Navigating Simplification Without Sacrificing Safeguards: Key Takeaways
As the EU begins the complex task of making the European Artificial Intelligence Act[1] (the “AI Act”) workable in real life, the European Commission’s Proposal for a Regulation amending Regulations (EU) 2024/1689 and (EU) 2018/1139 as regards the simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules
Continue Reading EU: EDPB and EDPS publish joint opinion on the European Commission’s Proposal for the Digital Omnibus on AI
On 20 January 2026, the European Commission proposed a new cybersecurity package, aimed at strengthening the EU’s cybersecurity resilience and capabilities. The package includes a revised Cybersecurity Act (“CSA“) and targeted amendments to the NIS2 Directive (see our blog post for further information on the amendments to the NIS2 Directive). The revised
Continue Reading EU Commission looks to strengthen EU Cybersecurity Resilience and Capabilities
The NIS2 Directive continues to evolve – and organisations must keep pace. On 20 January 2026, the Commission unveiled a set of targeted amendments to the NIS2 Directive (“the Proposal“), signalling the next phase of its push to modernise and streamline the EU’s cybersecurity legal framework.
Positioned within a broader legislative package, also
Continue Reading EU: NIS2 Update – EU Moves to Harmonise Cyber Controls, Refine Scope, and Add New In-Scope Entities
Over the last decade, the EU has launched an unprecedented constellation of laws: GDPR, the AI Act, the Data Act, NIS2, the Cyber Resilience Act, DORA, DSA, DMA, eIDAS 2.0 and more. Together – under the ‘Digital Decade’ banner – they aim to form a powerful framework to protect fundamental rights, promote trustworthy technology and
Continue Reading EU: Digital Autofocus – Will Europe’s Digital Omnibus bring clarity to Regulation?
On June 26, 2025, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) published two sets of guidelines to help businesses ensure their organizational compliance with the NIS2 Directive.
The aim of the guidelines is to support companies in understanding how legal requirements translate into operational activities, particularly regarding (i) roles and skills for professionals within essential
Continue Reading EU: ENISA Guidelines on Compliance with NIS 2 Directive Published
